Private Equity Firms

Private Equity Firms What is the private equity firm? A Private equity firm can be defined as a company that invest huge amounts of capital known as the private equity fund in the stakes of a private firms. In other words, private equity firms invest in classified equities of working companies through application of various investment strategies. From the definition, private equity means capital that is not traded in the stock exchange markets (Bruining et al. 593).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Private Equity Firms specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In most cases, private equity firms raise private equity capital from institutional investors and devote the capital in public firms that face delisting from the stock exchange through buyouts. Private equity capital is normally used in the expansion of working capital of the acquired firm, make acquisitions, finance research and development as well as new technologies. In addition, the private equity capital can be invested in strengthening the balance sheet of an acquired company. As indicated, private equity firms are often institutional and recognized investors committed to long-term returns on investments. Since private equity firms invest in companies that are almost collapsing, they often require longer periods for the acquired firms to turn around in order to start earning back investments. In most cases, private equity firms normally apply venture capital, leveraged buyouts as well as capital growth as the investment tactics (Bruining et al. 595). Leveraged buyouts are the situations where private equity firms invest in a nearly collapsing public firm risking delisting from the stock exchange market. Leveraged buyouts involve purchasing huge debts of the firm with the hope of reselling once financial conditions have improved. The injected funds are used to improve financial statements as well as prospects of the firm. Essentially, Private equity firms are perceived as the sponsoring companies since they provide funds for investments. In other words, private equity firms support other companies through the provision of financial assistances. In most cases, private equity firms normally raise funds, which they invest in private equities depending on the applied investment strategy. How and when did private equity firms first started? Prehistory of private equity firms Investments in private companies can be traced back to the beginning of industrial revolution when investors were involved in private acquisitions and mergers.Merchant bankers in the financial industry were often involved in making small investments on privately held companies. In addition, financial institutions were acquiring other firms particularly in the mining industry as well as other profitable firms in public sectors (Chemmanur et al. 4039).Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first pap er with 15% OFF Learn More Such acquisitions were equated to the current industrial buyouts where private equity firms buy large public corporations that are nearly collapsing. In fact, the buyouts and acquisitions continued throughout the first half of the 20th Century before the development of the current venture capital. In addition, the first half of the 20th Century was characterized by legal limitations on banks and other financial institutions that constrained the transactions involving private acquisitions (Chemmanur et al. 4039). Moreover, such regulations restricted the flow of capital from the merchant banks to the private firms. In fact, the private equity firms started to come into existence after the denunciations of financial regulations that put limitations on the flow of capital. Besides, the lifting of the regulations also led to the emergence of venture capital. Venture capital provided funds as well as other factors that contributed to the growth of private equity firms particularly after the Second World War. The emergence of private equity firms Private equity firms emerged in 1940s when the development and growth of venture capital and leveraged buyouts were at the peak. In fact, the venture capital and leveraged buyouts were considered part of the private equity firms. Davila, Foster and Gupta argue that the growth and development of venture capital and leveraged buyouts also led to the development of private equity firms 691. The venture capital provided funds that were greatly required at the time for the development of private equity firms. In addition, leveraged buyouts were part of the capital markets where institutional investors used to participate in the establishments of private equity firms. Even though venture capital and leveraged buyouts grew and developed in analogous and unrelated paths, they offered suitable market for the establishment of the private equity firms (Bruining et al. 595). Private equity ind ustry developed particularly in 1946. The established and well-structured venture capital market during the time led to the development of private equity firms. The venture capital provided the much needed funds as well as technical expertise in the management of private equity firms (Bruining et al. 595). The establishment of venture capital brought to an end the shortage of funds that was required for the development of private equity firms.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Private Equity Firms specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More As indicated, the widespread of equity firms particularly after the Second World War was due to organized private equity market. However, during the period, the equity market was still underdeveloped resulting into the shortage of sources of long-term financing for private equity firms. Due to this inadequacy, the private sector took the opportunity to develop new markets for private equity firms. The markets offered cheap and long-term sources of capital for existing and newly established firms (Bruining et al. 595). In addition, the new sources of funds established novel grounds for the startup of new equity firms. Essentially, developments of the equity markets that provided long-term and cheap funds resulted in mushrooming of new equity firms. In addition, the private sector was responding to an economy that had increased funds particularly from the released wealthy military inductees. In fact, there was need for large firms to absorb such capital. In order to come up with such firms, a private sector that would attract large institutions was required. During this time, technical and managerial skills to manage the funds were also inadequate (Chemmanur et al. 4039). The American Research and Development Corporation (ARDC) was established in 1946 to research on equity firms and their markets as well as to provide adequate advice on ways through which such fi rms could be developed. In addition, the ARDC was also tasked with the responsibility of raising funds for investments in equities. Moreover, ARDC was to provide training on the private equity management skills needed for the success of private equity firms. ARDC was majorly formed to boost private equity investments and became the first institution to raise capital and invest in equity. In addition, ARDC took advantage of floating funds from wealthy individuals. The corporation tapped the floating funds and invested in other areas including mergers and acquisitions that were equally profitable. Besides, ARDC invested in venture capital and was credited as the architecture of the current ventures capital (Chemmanur et al. 4039). The growth and development of private equity firms from 1946-1980 The growth and development of private equity firms were at a slow progress in the first 36 years since the establishment of private equity firms. In fact, small volumes of private investments, undeveloped private firms’ management as well as unpopularity of private equity firms marked the period (Chemmanur et al. 4039). The smaller volumes in the private equity investments were due to lack of awareness among the institutional investors.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In fact, institutional investors in the early 1960s and 70s were not aware of the presence of private equity firms. Essentially, most of the institutional investors lacked adequate information concerning the operations of private equity firms. In addition, scarce skills and capital required for the success of private equity firms lacked (Chemmanur et al. 4039). What are the main functions of private equity firms in the economy? Attracting investment funds Like most large firms in the economy, private equity firms have greater roles to play in the economy. Private equity activities normally began by successfully attracting investable funds. In other words, the major function of private equity firm is to attract funds that can easily be invested in the economy (Achraya et al. 368). Offering alternative investment opportunities to the investors Private equity firms offer alternative investment prospects particularly where some sectors of the economy perform poorly. Moreover, while attr acting investable funds, the private equity firms provide ways through which investors can allocate part of their investments in comparatively complicated, long-term investments. Probably, sectors where investors can apportion their finances for enduring repayment range from pension funds to sovereign wealth funds. In these areas, individual investors are assured of their long-term benefits through appropriate management practices that private equity firms offer. Investments in small, medium and large enterprises Private equity firms offer capital to firms of various sizes within the economy. In addition, private equity firms offer funds to all companies in different stages of their life cycle. In fact, firms that are in infant stages can easily get soft loans in private equity firms. Additionally, Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) can also seek expansion capital from equity markets. Most importantly private equity firms normally fund firms that are just about to be liquidated. Be sides funding, such firms are also provided with managerial skills as well as other incentives that would enable their continuity. Moreover, family businesses that need succession arrangement also seek assistance from private equity firms (George et al 215). Private equity firms provide managerial functions One of the major functions of private equity firms is the provision of managerial expertise. Industries in which private equity firms invest have increased benefits from the function. In fact, firms that are managed by private equity companies normally benefit from improved information arrangement as well as enhanced business control capacities. In addition, private equity firms have the capability of introducing performance-based incentives aimed at enhancing performance of the invested companies. Further, private equity firms management tends to have increased control of novel management approaches and provides extensive value added post-investment support. Increased capital in vestments The attraction of investments funds into the economy leads to increased investable funds into the economy. The private equity firms have the capability of attracting investable funds, which increase capital that can be used by other businesses from various sectors of the economy. Statistics indicate that private equity firms have attracted over $250 billion for investment capital in the last financial year (George et al 215). In market-based economy such as US, the private sector is perceived to be the major driver of economic growth. As such, private equity firms play critical roles in attracting and increasing capital for investment in the private sector. Therefore, private equity firms fuel economic intensification through the provision of investment funds. In addition, private equity firms facilitate increased private sector investments thereby inspiring economic growth New business creation and sustainable investments The funds invested by the private equity firms res ult in the creation of new businesses, which in turn lead to the generation of new jobs. In addition, private equity firms invest in businesses that are almost being bankrupt thereby ensuring their long-term sustainability. Such firms are critical for the growth of the economy (Cressy et al. 661). Besides, sustaining the firms also mean maintaining the existing jobs as well as increasing the prospect of creating novel employment. Essentially, private equity firms promote the creation of new business through the provision of capital and management advice. In addition, through maintaining the existing firms, private equity firms contribute to the preservation of employment opportunities. Besides sustenance and creation of businesses as well as jobs, private equity firms are also a source of positive externalities. Positive externalities are benefits enjoyed by the third parties. In fact, increasing the knowledge base particularly in management and entrepreneurship increases multiple b enefits that can only be described as positive externalities. Improved management methods Private equity firms have the capability of improving the managerial skills of various companies in which they have invested. In fact, the private equity management often has constructive influences on the performance procedures in terms of profitability and growth on firms in which they have invested (Chemmanur et al. 4040). In addition, private equity firms have the capability of ensuring that firms that are collapsing are provided with financial and management impetus in order to enhance their productivity. Through such measures, private equity firms ensure the survivability of firms across various sectors in the economy. Besides, firms having succession planning challenges often seek assistance from private equity firms. Private equity firms provide appropriate advice on succession arrangement, which ensures long-term sustainability and growth. Greater innovation Private equity firms foster innovation through various activity outcomes in the economy. In fact, through the provision of improved managerial skills, firms become innovative and entrepreneurial. One of the ways through which innovation can be enhanced is through investments in research and development. Putting funds on development of new products enhances the innovative culture within the firm. Private equity firms not only fund research and development on new products and services but also other operation processes undertaken within the firm. Moreover, private equity firms invest in start-up firms that tend to be innovative. Increased productivity Private equity firms improve the productivity of businesses through various activities. In fact, there is a direct relationship between increased productivity and economic growth. Increased productivity results from efficient production as well as use of resources (Bruining et al. 601). Essentially, private equity firms promote measures that aid in the efficient p roduction and use of resources. The private equity firms provide improved management as well as advice on better resources utilization. One of the ways in which firms can improve their efficiency is through appropriate training on management. Acquiring better management skills particularly in efficient use of resources is one of the ways through which organizations improve their productivity, which translate into general economic growth. In addition, capital accumulation is encouraged through investments made on the fixed assets such as factories, housing units and production equipments. Private equity firms have large pools of capital that can be invested in such fixed assets. Such investments in fixed capital increase labor productivity. The provision of capital for investments in physical capital contributes hugely to the economic growth. Further, by supporting the formation of new businesses, increased employment opportunities are created. Substantial growth in the economy can o nly be realized when firms are capable of sustaining the creation of new employment opportunities. Enhanced competitiveness Firms with enhanced productivity have increased chances of being competitive at all levels in the market. The reason is that profits earned can be re-invested in other areas that provide the firm with increased competitive advantage. Besides, increased productivity contributes to economic competitiveness when it results in the amplification of firms’ competitiveness both at the local and global markets. Increased economic competitiveness ensures enlarged economic expansion. Essentially, private equity firms contribute to increased economic competitiveness through enhanced productivity. Besides, increased economic growth is directly associated with trade exports. Private equity firms encourage economic growth in a number of ways. First, private equity firms support export-oriented companies. Additionally, private equity firms augment the capability of exp ort-oriented companies to develop into worldwide markets. How do private equity firms operate and make profit? Private equity firms invest in classified equities of working firms through the application of various investment strategies. Actually, investment approaches of private equity firms encompass venture capital, leveraged buyouts and capital growth. Private equity firms are perceived as sponsoring companies since they provide funds for investments. In other words, private equity firms support other companies through the provision of financial assistances. In most cases, private equity firms normally raise funds, which they invest in private equities depending on the applied investment strategy. Essentially, private equity firms normally raise investment funds commonly referred to as the private equity capital from various financial institutions particularly pension funds and insurance companies to finance and sponsor investments. A fee is charged on every investment made. The fees charged together with prearranged share of profit are the earnings of private equity firms on the investments made. In other words, private equity firms get carried interests on every private equity fund put in investments. In most cases, private equity firms get hold of considerable minority position in some of the firms they have invested. Once the sizeable marginal position has been accomplished, private equity firms optimize the expected outcome of the invested capital. Initial Public Offerings (IPOs) are significant methods through which investment returns are conveyed back to the owner. Besides, private equity firms get returns on their investments when the firms they manage are sold through mergers and acquisitions. Recapitalizations are also applied in order to realize the gains though at minimal occasions. In the initial public offerings, shares of the firm are offered to be bought by the public through the capital markets particularly at various stock exchanges. The p ublic offering provides fractional and instantaneous realization of returns to the private equity firm, which is normally the sponsor. In addition, IPOs offer the private equity firms with markets in which they will later sell its shares. Through mergers and acquisitions, the firms being managed are sold out or merged with performing firms. Private equity firms realize the returns from sales proceeds. In the case of a merger, private equity firms have shares of profits made by the new firms that result from the mergers. One major characteristic of private equity firms is that they make long-term investments in less liquid assets and have direct influence on the operations of firms. In addition, private equity firms take charge of the firms’ operations in order to supervise any potential risks and accomplish the required development through long-term investments. What are some of the advantages of private equity firms in terms of disclosure and accounting regulations over othe r publicly-traded firms? Private equity firms operate like private companies. Therefore, private equity firms gain from the accruing benefits because of less restricted financial reporting and legal requirement. In other words, private equity firms are not exposed to stringent financial reporting and legal regulations. The less reporting requirement procedures have increased benefit to private equity firms. The benefits range from increased control of the decisions made to elimination of double taxation on their shareholders. Greater control of the firm’s decisions With reduced reporting requirements and substantially decreased pressures from shareholders and markets, private equity firms have increased flexibility in terms of operations. As such, private equity firms focus attention towards achieving long-term growth instead of quarterly earnings that are part of the financial reporting requirements in other publicly traded firms. In addition, due to reduced shareholders exp ectations and approvals, private equity firms have the capability of making decisions and taking action without the approval of the shareholders. Increased benefits from Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) exemptions The private equity firms are exempted from some of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) filling requirements as well as other post-offering duties. In fact, private equity firms are exempted from some of the federal financial security regulations and obligations such as reporting on the shareholders’ discussions, investors’ conferences as well as research analysts’ discussions. Such regulations have been found to be costly, consuming much of the firms’ time and have negative effects on productivity. In fact, most public firms argue that the effects of SEC regulations on the productivity of the firms are unpredictable. The stringent disclosure requirements of SEC such as filling annual and quarterly reports are generally additiona l accounting and legal expenses. Therefore, exemptions from SEC regulations have drastically reduced accounting and legal costs for the private equity firms. Private equity firms reduces the cost of going public Private equity firms normally reduce various regulatory costs associated with going public. In fact, private firms going public usually go through a range of processes including restructuring as well as implementation of new accounting regulations and procedures. The restructuring process is designed to avoid possible issues that may come about due to SEC filing requirements. The restructuring process normally involves reforming the structure of the organization and capital, bookkeeping procedures and practices, material convention, equity participation policies as well as the employment conformities. In addition, detailed disclosure documents must also be prepared for the new investors. All the requirements are costly in terms of finance and time. Private equity firms spons oring public offerings are normally exempted from the detailed SEC requirements thereby reducing the costs of going public. Reduced chances of disclosing sensitive information Private equity firms are not required to disclose details of their operations. As such, the chances of revealing sensitive information that can be used by the competitors are reduced. In fact, non-disclosure of the operations and financial outlook of private equity firms are added competitive advantage over other publicly traded firms. Competitors can use the information to point on the weaknesses, which can be used to reduce the firms’ reputations as well as erode the clients and shareholders confidence particularly during the financial turmoil. Free from shareholders activism In most cases, regulations require that the financial institutions as well as hedge funds buy over 50% stake in any public firm. Buying over 50% stake mean that the financial institutions can gain control over the operations of t he business. As such, the majority shareholder can influence the sales as well as any considerable restructuring. In fact, public firms that have been taken over by these financial institutions and hedge funds risk losing their entire stake. Since the requirement does not apply to private equity firm, they normally gain minority stake on firms they have invested. In fact, the firms do not risk losing their stakes to the private equity firms. However, private equity firms gain executive control in order to manage potential risks and realize long-term growth and development of the firm. Is private equity firm the same as the private equity fund? Private equity firms and private equity funds are normally being confused to mean the same thing. In fact, private equity firm and private equity fund have been used interchangeably in most of the scholarly articles. However, the two terms are different. Essentially, private equity firms are companies that make long-term investments on both pr ivate and public corporations through the application of various strategies (Cressy et al. 649). Researches indicate that private equity firms commonly apply investment approaches that range from venture capital to capital accumulation. On the other hand, private equity funds are finances that private equity firms invest on other companies. Besides, private equity funds are a pool of capital that private equity firms collect from institutional and retail investors in order to put in long-term investments through the application of various investments approaches. The private equity funds earn profits or interests for the private equity firms. In other words, private equity firms earn a carried interest on every private equity fund that is put in investments (Cressy et al. 649). What are some of the well-known private equity firms and where are they located Consistent with most current rankings of private equity firms, the most popular and largest equity firms range from the Carlyle g roup to Bain Capital. The leading firms often make large purchases in form of buyouts. In other words, well known private equity firms invest directly on the companies instead of trading in private equity asset category. According to the current categorization, the well-known private equity firms include the Carlyle group, which is situated in Washington DC, Kohlberg Kravis Roberts based in New York as well as Goldman Sachs Principal Investments Group that is also based in New York. Also in the top position in terms of trading volumes include Blackstone Group headquartered in New York, TPJ Capital, which is based on both Texas and California and Bain Capital based in Boston, Massachusetts. Achraya, Viral, Olivier Gottschalg, Moritz Hahn and Conor Kehoe. â€Å"Corporate Governance and Value Creation: Evidence from Private Equity.† Review of Financial Studies, 26.2 (2013), 368–402. Print. Bruining, Hans, Ernst Verwaal and Mike Wright. â€Å"Private equity and entrepren eurial management in management buy-outs.† Small Business Economics, 40.3 (2013), 591–605. Print. Chemmanur, Thomas, Karthik Krishnan and Debarshi Nandy. â€Å"How Does Venture Capital Financing Improve Efficiency in Private Firms? A Look Beneath the Surface.† Review of Financial Studies, 24.12 (2011), 4037–4090. Print. Cressy, Robert, Federico Munari and Alessandro Malipiero. â€Å"Playing to their strengths? Evidence that specialization in the private equity industry confers competitive advantage.† Journal of Corporate Finance, 13.4 (2007), 647–669. Print. Davila, Antonio, George Foster and Mahendra Gupta. â€Å"Venture capital financing and the growth of startup firms.† Journal of Business Venturing, 18.6 (2003), 689–708. Print. George, Gerard, Jonathan Wiklund and Shaker Zahra. â€Å"Ownership and the Internationalization of Small Firms.† Journal of Management, 31.2 (2005), 210–233. Print.

Save Me the Waltz (1932) by Zelda Fitzgerald

Save Me the Waltz (1932) by Zelda Fitzgerald Zelda Sayre Fitzgerald was the troubled wife of F. Scott Fitzgerald, one of the most famous American writers of all-time.  Save Me the Waltz  is her first and only novel, one which is largely autobiographical and which  covers  approximately the same time period as her husband’s masterpiece,  Tender is the Night (1934). Both books fictionalize the couples life in Paris together, but each from their own perspective.   While  Tender is the Night  deals with F. Scott’s attempt at handling his wife’s eccentric nature and ultimate mental breakdown,  Save Me the Waltz  is much more about Zelda’s hopes and dreams and her sense of being overshadowed in most regards by her husband’s great success.  Zelda Fitzgerald was considered to be one of the first American â€Å"Flappers† – a glamorous and materialistic woman whose greatest hope was to become a prima ballerina, though she only pursued dance late in life. The story itself is interesting in that it reveals Zelda’s perspective on F. Scott as well as her interpretation of that great American time period known as â€Å"The Roaring ‘20s.† The majority of the characters, aside from Alabama (Zelda), David (F. Scott) and Bonnie (their daughter) are relatively flat and, at times, even incongruous (characters’ names spelled in different fashions, eye colors changing, etc.).  What Fitzgerald does well, though, is to create characters  in relation to  Alabama.  The dance instructors and love interests, for example, all come to life quite unexpectedly because of the way they interact with Alabama.  The relationship between David and Alabama is drawn extraordinarily well and, in fact, is reminiscent of the lovers’ relationship in Ernest Hemingway’s   (1946, 1986). Theirs is a tortuously romantic bond, hopeless and beautiful at the same time.  It makes sense that this would be the most aptly developed relationship, considering it is at the core of the story (and the primary impetus for Zelda’s writing the story in the first place). Little Bonnie’s character is also quite charming and her relationship with her Dad is lovely, particularly near the end.   This book has been both praised and derided for its prose and style. The structure is sound and relatively traditional; however, the prose and language are quite odd. At times, it seems to read like a less sexual, female version of William S. Burroughs; the narrative breaks into vivid streams of consciousness, where one has to wonder if passages were written in a fury of rage. While these moments are sometimes over-the-top, even inexplicable or irrelevant, they are also quite beautiful.  There’s a bizarre honesty to the breaks in tempo and the seemingly random items which Fitzgerald chooses to romanticize through language.  Some readers are bound to be enamored by this style, but others might find the self-indulgent moments both distracting and exasperating. When Zelda Fitzgerald originally wrote this book, it was much more accusatory and biographical than the version which was ultimately published.  Her husband believed that she had created the book in a fit of self-destruction, hoping to destroy her (and his) reputations. F. Scott Fitzgerald and their editor, Max Perkins, â€Å"assisted† Zelda with revisions.  Although historical evidence (letters, manuscripts, etc.) seem to prove that their part in the revision process was limited and mostly geared toward making elements and characters who were modeled after real-life  events and  individuals more obscure, Zelda would later accuse her husband of forcing her to change the book entirely and also allege that he stole her original manuscript to write his own (Tender is the Night).   Perhaps the most intriguing aspect of this book, then, is in its history and historical significance.  Much can be learned about the Fitzgerald’s relationship and personalities not only by reading the story, but also in researching the history and creation of the book itself, as well as her husbands  similarly-themed novel.

Climate change Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Climate change - Essay Example Climate change The claim that global warming is real centers primarily on speculative theories rather than facts. This is primarily because perpetuators of the global warming hoax base their theories on contrived data, as well as unconfirmed predictions. The evidence provided to prove the reality of global warming is, however, discovered and presented through politically corrupted processes, as well as report conclusions that are driven by corrupted agenda rendered by alleged authoritative institutions such as the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). The originator of the global warming hoax was James Hansen who was the director of the Goddard Institute for Space Studies and a member of NASA (Inhofe 154). Hansen presented his testimony on global warming to the US Senate in 1988, thereby starting a series of false testimonies regarding global warming. The hoax was later exaggerated by mainstream media and reports released by organizations such as IPCC in 1990, 1996 and th e year 2001. Both environmentalists and weathermen increasingly make claims regarding global warming and climate change, for which they do not provide any evidence, and in some instances, such evidence is, without a doubt, fabricated. For instance, in 1996, the IPCC released a report that used selective data and manufactured graphs to enhance the view that climate change was a reality. The report also encompassed textual alterations made after scientists approved the final report before it was printed. Another prominent instance of fraud regarding the issue of global warming was the evidence provided in the publication of e-mail files recovered from the Climate Research Unit at the University of East Anglia in Britain (Sussman 195). Reprehensible exchanges among leading researchers who stirred up the hysteria surrounding global warming also confirm ancient and largely suspected manipulations of data relating to climate. These exchanges also prove conspiracies aimed at falsifying and withholding information and suppressing conflicting findings in scholarly and peer-reviewed articles. They also provide evidence regarding the exaggeration of the presence of threats of man-made actions that cause climatic changes. A vast majority of these individuals exert immense influence over report findings issued by institutions such as the IPCC. The hoax regarding global warming is perpetuated by the attempts by progressive persons to exert control over the world’s energy industry. The reality is that nothing has changed in the global climate, which can be attributed to human activities that cause carbon dioxide emissions. The hoax continues to threaten the economy while also advancing the agenda of institutions such as the UN in many ways. The reality is that carbon dioxide is quite beneficial as a trace gas, which exists in such minute amounts within the atmosphere, that the notion that it plays a substantive role in influencing the climate is highly nonfactual. Car bon dioxide makes up less than 0.1 percent of the atmosphere. On the other hand, only 4 percent of carbon dioxide emanates from human

Public relations (report) More info in the attachment Essay

Public relations (report) More info in the attachment - Essay Example The role of the proposed PR department would be more than merely creating images, and more than â€Å"just learning the labels that identify the parts of the disciplines within arts†. The department can be set the vision of transforming a passive consumption of art into a more engaging activity for the general public. This need not only apply to esoteric and exclusivist art forms identified as such. Even quotidian encounters with popular cultural artefacts can be illuminated through knowledge of the history and aesthetics behind dominant art forms. (Blewett, 2004) The Public Relations department will strive to replicate the successes met by similar institutions in the USA and Britain. A notable example is the formation of West End Community Council in 1965, which â€Å"sponsored a series of arts festivals as a way to bring whites and blacks together in a creative and social atmosphere. Likewise, in 1966 a group of young black artists, frustrated with their inability to crack into the local gallery scene, invited white and Asian American friends to help them start their own, calling it the Louisville Art Workshop.† (K'Meyer, 2001) The envisioned PR department can be an instrument of social integration and progress in the Australian context, by conceiving, promoting and organizing similar arts campaigns in the state. The applicability of American examples emerge from Australia’s own history of Aboriginal disenfranchisement and other forms of racial prejudice. (K'Meyer, 2001) The effectiveness of the Arts Council in the UK is in significant measure related to the well-thought out, aptly targeted public relations campaigns that it executed. (Sheehy, 2002) The proposed PR department will take the lead from the Arts Council and project cinema as a legitimate art form, as opposed to its current status as a means to entertainment. A sizeable portion of the PR department’s budget will be devoted to developing a strong patronage for cinema, es pecially of the art-house and independent streams, as it is here that critical engagement with public issues tend to occur. This way, it would align with the broader objectives of the State Government Department of Youth Arts. The PR department will act as a liaison between the government and the youth in the state by also promoting contemporary/emerging art forms. In this era of rapid technological advancement, fields like Web Design have evolved their own unique craftsmanship and aesthetics. The Web Design is a key part of the IT industry and employs thousands of youth – â€Å"non-tech businesses will always have a need for talented graphic artists†. ("The Arts Communications, 2002) Thus, integrating this field into the youth arts ambit will fulfil a key goal of the Australian state and national governments, namely that of job creation. For example, â€Å"companies are looking for creative people who understand a visual medium and are capable of keeping eyes glued t o the screen with dazzling graphics and good design. Many companies are eager to hire qualified people with art, art history, and design backgrounds.† (The Arts Communications, 2002) The added advantage here is the consolidation of commercial opportunity with the growth of arts. The proposed PR department will play a vital role in communicating this message to all

Presidential nomination Essay Example for Free

Presidential nomination Essay My first reaction to this paper was that I wanted to know more. The fact that Fremont rose to national prominence even though his mother was not married to his father seems unusual for the time period and as though it offers hope to others who come from single-parent families. I also liked that he was kicked out of finishing school and went on to explore the West and run for President of the United States. Though he did not win, it again shows that the American dream—that anyone can grow up to be leader of the free world—was alive and well. The explorations that Fremont conducted added greatly to the growth of the nation and I find it intriguing that he was a Southerner who opposed slavery and ran against Lincoln for the presidential nomination. It makes it interesting to contemplate how the country might have been changed if Fremont had defeat Lincoln to become the Republican nominee for president. I wonder if having a Southerner in the White House might have prevent the South from seceding. This was an interesting look at the way one man can help to change the course of history and helped give a better view on how the people alive during the westward expansion and the Civil War were all intertwined.

Romanticism Essay -- Essays Papers

Romanticism The start of the Romantic Age coincided with the start of the French Revolution in 1789. It ends in 1837. Just as the revolution was changing the social order, the romantic poets were taking literature in a whole new direction. The mechanical reason that pervaded the work of the previous era was replaced by strong emotions and a return to nature. Animals and respect for nature were frequently used subjects in works of his period. The first generation of poets included William Wordsworth, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, and Sir Walter Scott. Their primary contribution to literature was with their lyrical ballads. They used the typical romantic themes of respect for nature and all of its creatures. Wordsworth is above all the poet of the remembrance of things past, or as he himself put it, of â€Å"emotion recollected in tranquility.† Some object or event in the present triggers a sudden renewal of feelings he had experienced in youth; the result is a poem exhibiting the sharp discrepa ncy between what Wordsworth called â€Å"two consciousness.† The poem â€Å"Michael† is founded on the actual misfortunes of a family at Grasmere. In this poem, Wordsworth describes about a relationship of father, named Michael, and a son, named Luke. Michael is a shepherd in Grasmere valley. He is married to a woman, named Isabel. She is a housewife, who makes wool and rope to pass her time. They have a child, named Luke. Michael takes his son with him, so he can help him out with his work. Michael ...

Your Move

In Eve Bunting Your move the main character is James he is mischief. James makes bad decisions, , he is lonely, and wants to fits in. James does not have that much friends. He tries to get some friends by doing bad things and he brings his brother along while he is doing that. James makes bad decisions because he brings his brother over when he is trying to get into the group. In the story when he climbed up the ladder and came down his brother was crying because he was afraid that he would fall down. He also did not tell anyone he was going out. He also brought him when there was a gun. His brother was scared he was being dragged on his knees. He say † you're dragging me too fast. Then when they go out of sight they stop and he kneels down to see if his brother was ok and he was bleeding. James basically had to carry him home. James does not have a lot of friends because he stays home with his brother a lot. He seems like he stay home a lot with his brother playing games. He also vandalizes to get friends. That means he is very desperate to have friends. He also has to take care of his brother. His neighbor has to take care of him and he has to thump on the wall. In the story when he was going to be in the group he had to bring his brother.James wants to fit in because he wants to have friends. In the story they told him to go up that tall highway sign and he did it. He did it because he wanted to be cool and have more friends. He was scared but he had to do it because they told him to do it so they would become their friend. He told no one that he was going out to meet with them. He also bring his brother with him. In conclusion james is mischief because he makes bad decisions, he is lonely, and he wants to fit in. He makes bad decisions because he brings his brother to the meet. In the story he did not tell anyone that he was going out with his brother. He does not have a lot of friends because in the story every night he has to take care of his brother when his mom is out. Evidence is that he was that he was vandalizing to have friends. He wants to fit in because he wants to have friends. He vandalized to get friends. This is why james is mischief

Problems of bringing up children

The problem of bringing up children has always existed In every human community; it will exist as long as there are children: for mankind it is eternal. While bringing up children, parents, teachers, trainers, educators, mentors, tutors, grandparents, uncles, aunts, elder brothers and sisters, camp counsellors, nannies, headteachers and other school authorities, governesses, nurses, coaches, supervisors, etc. usually face a lot of problems, such as misbehaviour, disobedience, com/early-childhood-four-types-of-aggression/">aggression, rudeness, disrespect, naughtiness, deceit, arrogance, Impudence, mpertinence and dishonesty.When grown-ups fail to cope with these problems successfully, they usually label children â€Å"difficult†. Often It Is the result of their own wrong, Improper behaviour or Ill, inadequate treatment of children. It is generally acknowledged that children tend to copy grown-ups. And if a grown-up is rude, irritable, impatient, intolerant, aggressive, shouts all the time, etc. a child Is most likely to be the same. For an III- mannered grown-up can hardly expect a child to have good manners with his or her own example constantly in sight.Anne Shirley*, for example, Is rude and disrespectful with Marilla's neighbour and friend, but it is partly the ladys own fault. She was inconsiderate enough to call the girl's red hair â€Å"carrots†, which humiliated Anne greatly. So if you want a child to be polite and respectful to you, you should also respect his or her feelings. Children are often accused of lying. They are apt to lie, that's true. But sometimes children are pushed into lying by adults themselves. Children want to come up to their expectations. to please them. ot to disappoint them, or they may simply be afraid to ell the truth: lest they should be scolded, told off, reprimanded, rebuked, reproached, punished in one way or another (get a beating, be deprived of something they like, etc. ). † Adults may also expect chi ldren to be evil, wicked, naughty and disobedient, capable of doing only harm and damage, committing misdeeds, sometimes overlooking their own faults and shortcomings. When Marilla, for example, falls to find her brooch, the first thing that comes to her mind Is that Anne Shirley has stolen it.It doesnt strike her that she could have lost it, put it in a ifferent place, or somebody else could have taken it. She blames the girl Immediately. without giving It a second thought. Marilla shuts the girl up in her room till the latter confesses. Not knowing anything about the brooch, compelled to tell a lie, Anne invents a story of taking the brooch and eventually losing it. The truth comes out only when Matthew Cuthbert, Marilla's brother, accidentally finds the brooch. Children are often persuaded through fear, fear of punishment, fear of forfeiting something nice and pleasant.Compelled respect also implies fear and is not real. Just as one cannot be made to love, one cannot be made to r espect. When children are compelled to respect and obey somebody rather imposing, they usually do it only in his or her presence and hate, despise them and hold them in contempt behind their backs. And that's quite natural, Isnt it? For real, genuine respect can only be won: one is to be respected in one's own right, that is for one's own virtues, merits and achievements, not because of one's position, rank or status. No wonder affectionate and caring towards her.He buys a beautiful dress for the girl to wear at Christmas ball. On the whole, the problem of the difficult child arises when the psychological atmosphere in which a child is being brought up is not friendly, but hostile to him or her, or when a child doesn't get enough love, attention, care, affection, reassurance, and praise. When grown-ups are inconsistent in their requirements and demands, go back on their word, etc. , when a child is over- criticised, not trusted, the results are similar. To conclude, one may say that there are no difficult children, but Just misguided adults who can't find a way with them.However, there are such cases when a child misbehaves due to organic and other pathologies and diseases. Then a doctor, a psychologist should be consulted. * Anne Shirley is a girl of eleven raised in an orphanage. She is accidentally sent to Miss Marilla Buthbert and Mr. Matthew Cuthbert, middle-aged sister and brother living together at Green Gables, a farm in Avonlea, who have originally requested a boy as a helper on their farm. ** For forms of punishment see â€Å"The Lumber Room† by H. H. Munro. bringing up child Children ‘s has their own world. Understanding their needs and addressing the ame,is important.Some of the tips below may help you to upbring your child . 1. Allow the children's to choose the food items, dress items, playing things. Imagine you boss wants you to do something, which you do not want to do. You cannot neglect. Either you will do or you try to convince him. If you can't able to convince him , you have to carryout his instructions. Same way you treat you child. But don't forget , if you explain the child about the consequences , when she or he in normal , it will give fruitfull effect. So, don't try to push your thinking on them. 2. Allow them o ask no of questions.You will accept that, by asking questions your IQ grows. Don't shout on them , when they ask unwanted questions also. Try to explain as much you can. This will increase confidence level in children's. Not only that, it provoke positive approach towards parents to child. This will help you when they grow . 3. Teach the things as it is. Wherever you take the child , you try to explain the child , the surrounding things as it is. Whether it is technical or non technical or simple things. Don't try to be too smart by explaining the simple thing in a complicated way.By doing so, your child memory will sharpen and your energy will not get exhausted. ln future they will able t o mean it what you said. 4. Try not to teach them. Mean's change your bad habits and attitude towards anything inorder to cultivate good habit in children's. Because upto five years the child try to learn activities from mother and father. Either the style of talking or walking or other habits. 5. Totally avoid punishments. Make them understand in their own way. Being harsh, we are hardening the child's mind. This will make the child's life miserable in future.

Free Essays on Procrastination A Battle From Within

Taking pride in my work and making sure something is done to the best of my abilities are two things that I feel will take me very far in the things that I do in my work, and personal life, a along with my learning team. In my prospective of things a person’s attitude or characteristics are shown through the outcome of their projects or assignments. If someone doesn’t care enough to take their time to make sure something is flawless before turning it in, then to me, this tells me that they do not care about their own personal life to make sure their aren’t any problems, especially the ones that can be fixed in a matter of minutes. I don’t want to settle in life knowing something could have been ten times better if I would of taking five to ten minutes more to better the situation. Not only are you depriving yourself from the best possible outcome but you are hurting the one’s that are closely around you. If you are doing a mediocre job on a ta sk your spouse, at home, or a close colleague at work will be affected by this the same as you and this is not fair to them. The main area at work or at home that I need to work on is that of procrastination, the remitting of this paper says enough on this main problem in my life. I always put things off, my number one saying is, I will do that tomorrow, well tomorrow always seems to turn into, where the time went. This has forced me into a lot of pressurized situations that were not to enjoyable, just because I put something off until the next day, then the next, and so on until my boss is wondering where that research is that was due on his desk two days prior to the day he finally came and ask. However, I do feel that I do my best work when I am trying to beat a deadline, but then I have to deal with the fact that I do not have an adequate amount of time to go over my information before it is due. With this problem you fall back onto my first quality of taking pride in you... Free Essays on Procrastination A Battle From Within Free Essays on Procrastination A Battle From Within Taking pride in my work and making sure something is done to the best of my abilities are two things that I feel will take me very far in the things that I do in my work, and personal life, a along with my learning team. In my prospective of things a person’s attitude or characteristics are shown through the outcome of their projects or assignments. If someone doesn’t care enough to take their time to make sure something is flawless before turning it in, then to me, this tells me that they do not care about their own personal life to make sure their aren’t any problems, especially the ones that can be fixed in a matter of minutes. I don’t want to settle in life knowing something could have been ten times better if I would of taking five to ten minutes more to better the situation. Not only are you depriving yourself from the best possible outcome but you are hurting the one’s that are closely around you. If you are doing a mediocre job on a ta sk your spouse, at home, or a close colleague at work will be affected by this the same as you and this is not fair to them. The main area at work or at home that I need to work on is that of procrastination, the remitting of this paper says enough on this main problem in my life. I always put things off, my number one saying is, I will do that tomorrow, well tomorrow always seems to turn into, where the time went. This has forced me into a lot of pressurized situations that were not to enjoyable, just because I put something off until the next day, then the next, and so on until my boss is wondering where that research is that was due on his desk two days prior to the day he finally came and ask. However, I do feel that I do my best work when I am trying to beat a deadline, but then I have to deal with the fact that I do not have an adequate amount of time to go over my information before it is due. With this problem you fall back onto my first quality of taking pride in you...

All Things Political

All Things Political All Things Political All Things Political By Maeve Maddox During the Pope’s visit to the United States, social media and television abounded with comments discussing what is and isn’t political. For example, a television anchor expressed surprise that anyone would categorize such things as â€Å"caring for the poor, protecting religious minorities and integrating refugees† as political: â€Å"I think we are in a weird place in the world when [such things] are considered political.† The anchor’s surprise would have surprised Aristotle (384-322 B.C.E.): The end [or goal] of politics is the best of ends; and the main concern of politics is to engender a certain character in the citizens and to make them good and disposed to perform noble actions.- Aristotle, â€Å"Nicomachean Ethics.† English owes the words politics and political to an ancient Greek word that meant â€Å"public matters, civic affairs.† Through time, different meanings have attached to these words. Here are traditional definitions of politics: The science or study of government and the state. Activities or policies associated with government. Public life and affairs involving matters of authority and government. Public life and affairs viewed as a profession. The word politics is also used in the context of nongovernmental activities: Management or control of private affairs and interests, especially as regards status or position. For example, â€Å"office politics.† The political ideas, beliefs, or commitments of a particular individual, organization, etc. For example, â€Å"the politics of the NEA,† â€Å"the politics of a film,† â€Å"the politics of George Clooney.† (with an indefinite article) A political structure, outlook, or ideology. For example, â€Å"a politics of denial,† a politics of denunciation,† â€Å"a politics of love.† For many modern speakers, the word politics has a derogatory connotation. For example, â€Å"to play politics† is â€Å"to act on an issue for personal or political gain rather than from principle.† Like the noun, the adjective has more than one application. A â€Å"political issue,† for example, is an issue associated with government policy. A â€Å"political football† is a subject of contentious political debate. â€Å"Political correctness† is language or behavior intended to avoid controversy. In a broad sense, political describes just about anything that affects the way people live their lives in an organized state. Here are a few random quotations on the topic of politics: In politics stupidity is not a handicap.- Napoleon Bonaparte In our age there is no such thing as keeping out of politics. All issues are political issues, and politics itself is a mass of lies, evasions, folly, hatred and schizophrenia.- George Orwell. The whole aim of practical politics is to keep the populace alarmed (and hence clamorous to be led to safety) by menacing it with an endless series of hobgoblins, all of them imaginary.- H. L. Mencken. The greatest power is not money power, but political power.- Walter Annenberg. I believe that political correctness can be a form of linguistic fascism, and it sends shivers down the spine of my generation who went to war against fascism.- P. D. James. Politics is the greatest calling in a democracy.- Boyd A. Martin. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Definitely use "the" or "a"The Four Sounds of the Spelling OU5 Keys to Better Sentence Flow

Implementation plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Implementation plan - Essay Example The number one step for implementing the proposal is to obtain approval from the leaders in the health sector. This will be very important, as you can be sure of their full support. It is always vital that the leaders give you the go ahead in order to proceed with the implementation of the plan. The leaders are responsible for linking you up with the authorities in charge of regulating the health care provision in the country. It also helps in ensuring that you acquire the resources required for successful implementation of the plan. The best strategy to win the approval of the leaders is to enlighten them on the importance of the plan and the massive benefits it will bring on the target population. Equipping them with the full information about the whole plan is vital if they have to give their support for the plan implementation. A written request about the plan to the leaders is necessary as opposed to word of mouth. The leaders must in turn reply in writing. For the members of st aff, seeking for their involvement in implementing the plan will be an easy task once the leadership approve. Once the leadership of the organization gives the go ahead for the plant implementation, the staff is most likely to follow suit. Upon approval by both the leadership and fellow members of staff, the plan can then progress to the next stage. As described in the introductory part, Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) have consistently grown in prevalence among patients who have indwelling catheters. CAUTI increases cost of medication in hospitals and accounts for a higher percentage for mortality and morbidity (AACN, 2015). CAUTI can be preventable through adoption of viable precautionary measures. One of the major contributing factors to CAUTI is the extended duration of catheterization as well as insertion of the catheters without adequate reason as to their requirements. CAUTI results from three major aspects. One is the